{"@odata.context":"/odata/49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974/7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba/%24metadata?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba#T_comorbidity_2026_08_22_edges_d94dd3660574(seq,outcome,stratum,from_condition,to_condition,measure_type,point,low,high,interval_type,interval_caveat,population,ascertainment,ascertainment_means,n,follow_up,heterogeneity,pmid,grade,grade_means,quote,is_not,selection_warning,RowId)","@Coverage.AnalysisSkill":"/analysis.skill.txt?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba","@Coverage.Arrow":"/results/57cb00e44b85971ef65da6d32fe106656c9fda9e572e280cb68b8e4fed0de2cc/data.arrow?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba","@Coverage.Receipt":"/receipts/r837/?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba","@Coverage.SavedResult":"/results/57cb00e44b85971ef65da6d32fe106656c9fda9e572e280cb68b8e4fed0de2cc/?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba","@Coverage.Source":{"grain":"Packaged source record; inspect schema and linked world method before aggregation","id":"comorbidity/2026-08-22/edges","path":"data/comorbidity/2026-08-22/edges.parquet","source":"data/comorbidity/2026-08-22/edges.parquet","vintage":"Package vintage 2026-10-01; source path partition 2026-08-22; inspect record and rule clocks separately"},"value":[{"@odata.id":"/odata/49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974/7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba/T_comorbidity_2026_08_22_edges_d94dd3660574%280%29?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba","RowId":0,"RowId@odata.type":"#Int64","ascertainment":"mixed","ascertainment_means":"More than one of the above within a single pooled estimate. 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It is also NOT an estimate for a screened population: a third of the contributing studies ascertained by biopsy or by diagnosis code, both of which require somebody to have already been suspected.","low":1.31,"measure_type":"HR","n":"5,802,226 individuals; 99,668 incident fatal and non-fatal CVD events","outcome":"cardiovascular_event","pmid":"34555346","point":1.45,"population":"Adults aged 18 and over, mean age 53 years (SD 7), across 36 longitudinal observational studies. NAFLD was diagnosed by imaging, by International Classification of Diseases codes, OR by liver biopsy, so the pooled population's ascertainment is not uniform and the estimate belongs to none of the three alone.","quote":"NAFLD was associated with a moderately increased risk of fatal or non-fatal CVD events (pooled random-effects HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.31-1.61; I2=86.18%).","selection_warning":"","seq":0,"seq@odata.type":"#Int64","stratum":"unstratified","to_condition":"fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event"},{"@odata.id":"/odata/49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974/7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba/T_comorbidity_2026_08_22_edges_d94dd3660574%281%29?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba","RowId":1,"RowId@odata.type":"#Int64","ascertainment":"mixed","ascertainment_means":"More than one of the above within a single pooled estimate. The pooled figure is over a population whose ascertainment is not uniform, so it cannot be read as belonging to any one of them.","follow_up":"median 6.5 years (IQR 5.0 to 10.2), for the parent analysis","from_condition":"MASLD / NAFLD, higher fibrosis stage","grade":"pooled_meta_analysis","grade_means":"Pooled across studies in a systematic review, with a confidence interval the authors computed. Read the heterogeneity beside it: a pooled estimate over I-squared above 75 percent is a central tendency of things that disagree.","heterogeneity":"I-squared 73.84 percent","high":3.72,"interval_caveat":"","interval_type":"ci95","is_not":"NOT stackable on the 1.45 above. Both are hazard ratios against the same comparator - people without NAFLD - so this REPLACES that figure for a staged population rather than multiplying it. Multiplying them would report a hazard of 3.6 that nobody measured.","low":1.68,"measure_type":"HR","n":"a subset of the 5,802,226; the abstract does not state it separately","outcome":"cardiovascular_event","pmid":"34555346","point":2.5,"population":"The subset of the same 36 studies that reported by severity. Severity here is chiefly fibrosis stage, which means the studies contributing to this estimate are the ones that staged fibrosis, which in practice means the biopsied ones.","quote":"This risk markedly increased across the severity of NAFLD, especially the stage of fibrosis (pooled random-effects HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.68-3.72; I2=73.84%).","selection_warning":"The staged subset is the biopsied subset. A screening programme that finds fibrosis non-invasively is not finding the same people this figure was measured in.","seq":1,"seq@odata.type":"#Int64","stratum":"higher_fibrosis","to_condition":"fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event"},{"@odata.id":"/odata/49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974/7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba/T_comorbidity_2026_08_22_edges_d94dd3660574%282%29?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba","RowId":2,"RowId@odata.type":"#Int64","ascertainment":"mixed","ascertainment_means":"More than one of the above within a single pooled estimate. The pooled figure is over a population whose ascertainment is not uniform, so it cannot be read as belonging to any one of them.","follow_up":"median 5 years (IQR 4.0 to 19)","from_condition":"MASLD / NAFLD","grade":"pooled_meta_analysis","grade_means":"Pooled across studies in a systematic review, with a confidence interval the authors computed. Read the heterogeneity beside it: a pooled estimate over I-squared above 75 percent is a central tendency of things that disagree.","heterogeneity":"I-squared 91.2 percent","high":2.48,"interval_caveat":"","interval_type":"ci95","is_not":"NOT a bidirectional edge, despite the relationship being bidirectional in the literature. This measures NAFLD to incident diabetes only. The reverse direction is a different estimate from different studies and is not in this corpus. I-squared of 91.2 percent also means the contributing studies disagree substantially, so the interval understates the uncertainty a reader should carry.","low":1.93,"measure_type":"HR","n":"501,022 individuals in the full review; 27,953 incident diabetes cases","outcome":"incident_type_2_diabetes","pmid":"32938692","point":2.19,"population":"Adults across 26 of 33 observational studies with at least one year of follow-up, in which NAFLD was diagnosed by imaging or by biopsy. 30.8 percent of the pooled cohort had NAFLD.","quote":"Patients with NAFLD had a higher risk of incident diabetes than those without NAFLD (n=26 studies; random-effects HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.48; I2 =91.2%).","selection_warning":"","seq":2,"seq@odata.type":"#Int64","stratum":"unstratified","to_condition":"incident type 2 diabetes"},{"@odata.id":"/odata/49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974/7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba/T_comorbidity_2026_08_22_edges_d94dd3660574%283%29?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba","RowId":3,"RowId@odata.type":"#Int64","ascertainment":"mixed","ascertainment_means":"More than one of the above within a single pooled estimate. The pooled figure is over a population whose ascertainment is not uniform, so it cannot be read as belonging to any one of them.","follow_up":"median 5 years (IQR 4.0 to 19), for the parent analysis","from_condition":"MASLD / NAFLD, higher fibrosis severity","grade":"pooled_meta_analysis","grade_means":"Pooled across studies in a systematic review, with a confidence interval the authors computed. Read the heterogeneity beside it: a pooled estimate over I-squared above 75 percent is a central tendency of things that disagree.","heterogeneity":"I-squared 44.6 percent","high":5.11,"interval_caveat":"","interval_type":"ci95","is_not":"NOT stackable on the 2.19 above, for the same reason as the cardiovascular pair: both are against people without NAFLD.","low":2.29,"measure_type":"HR","n":"5 studies; the abstract does not state the individual count","outcome":"incident_type_2_diabetes","pmid":"32938692","point":3.42,"population":"The five studies in the same review that reported by liver fibrosis severity.","quote":"This risk markedly increased across the severity of liver fibrosis (n=5 studies; random-effects HR 3.42, 95% CI 2.29 to 5.11; I2=44.6%).","selection_warning":"Five studies, and the ones that staged fibrosis are the ones that biopsied. Does not transport to a screened population.","seq":3,"seq@odata.type":"#Int64","stratum":"higher_fibrosis","to_condition":"incident type 2 diabetes"},{"@odata.id":"/odata/49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974/7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba/T_comorbidity_2026_08_22_edges_d94dd3660574%284%29?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba","RowId":4,"RowId@odata.type":"#Int64","ascertainment":"mixed","ascertainment_means":"More than one of the above within a single pooled estimate. The pooled figure is over a population whose ascertainment is not uniform, so it cannot be read as belonging to any one of them.","follow_up":"not stated in the abstract","from_condition":"MASLD / NAFLD","grade":"range_across_studies","grade_means":"The published uncertainty is a RANGE across contributing studies, not a confidence interval. It does not have the coverage properties a CI has and must not be reported as one.","heterogeneity":"not stated for this figure","high":2.92,"interval_caveat":"The published uncertainty is a RANGE across contributing studies, not a confidence interval. It does not have the coverage properties a CI has and must not be reported as one.","interval_type":"range","is_not":"NOT a 95 percent confidence interval. The paper publishes a RANGE across contributing studies for this figure, which has none of the coverage properties of a CI and must not be reported as one.","low":1.28,"measure_type":"IRR","n":"8,515,431","outcome":"liver_specific_mortality","pmid":"26707365","point":1.94,"population":"86 studies from 22 countries, excluding studies that enrolled exclusively morbidly obese, exclusively diabetic or paediatric populations.","quote":"Incidence risk ratios for liver-specific and overall mortality for NAFLD were 1.94 (range, 1.28-2.92) and 1.05 (range, 0.70-1.56).","selection_warning":"","seq":4,"seq@odata.type":"#Int64","stratum":"unstratified","to_condition":"liver-specific mortality"},{"@odata.id":"/odata/49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974/7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba/T_comorbidity_2026_08_22_edges_d94dd3660574%285%29?ledger=49ec6090f32b112cd7fc2d39a72e0974&snapshot=7a53af6a9beb58928d4a64dc92db09c9db65433f9909f1a10d16e302adaf86ba","RowId":5,"RowId@odata.type":"#Int64","ascertainment":"mixed","ascertainment_means":"More than one of the above within a single pooled estimate. The pooled figure is over a population whose ascertainment is not uniform, so it cannot be read as belonging to any one of them.","follow_up":"not stated in the abstract","from_condition":"MASLD / NAFLD","grade":"range_across_studies","grade_means":"The published uncertainty is a RANGE across contributing studies, not a confidence interval. It does not have the coverage properties a CI has and must not be reported as one.","heterogeneity":"not stated for this figure","high":1.56,"interval_caveat":"The published uncertainty is a RANGE across contributing studies, not a confidence interval. It does not have the coverage properties a CI has and must not be reported as one.","interval_type":"range","is_not":"This is the NULL RESULT in the corpus and it is registered precisely because it is inconvenient. The range spans 1.00, so this meta-analysis did not find NAFLD associated with all-cause mortality. A savings argument that quotes the liver-specific 1.94 and omits this one has selected its evidence.","low":0.7,"measure_type":"IRR","n":"8,515,431","outcome":"all_cause_mortality","pmid":"26707365","point":1.05,"population":"the same 86 studies from 22 countries","quote":"Incidence risk ratios for liver-specific and overall mortality for NAFLD were 1.94 (range, 1.28-2.92) and 1.05 (range, 0.70-1.56).","selection_warning":"","seq":5,"seq@odata.type":"#Int64","stratum":"unstratified","to_condition":"all-cause mortality"}]}